Between five and 10% of all cancers are hereditary, which means that changes (or mutations) in specific genes are passed from one blood relative to another. People who inherit one of these gene changes will have a higher risk of developing cancer at some point in their life. Genetic counseling can help people understand this risk.
Genetic counseling is not for everyone. In most cases, people who need genetic counseling fit into one of two groups.
Includes people who are cancer-free but, due to other medical conditions or family history, may have an increased risk for developing the disease.
This includes people with:
Includes people who have a cancer diagnosis and want to learn if it is genetic. Not everyone with cancer needs genetic counseling, though. Instead, it is usually recommended for patients who have:
If you fit into one of these categories, it’s a good idea to meet with a genetic counselor.
The first step to understanding your genetic cancer risk is a genetic counseling session. There are several steps to these sessions.
Medical and family history review
The genetic counselor will take your medical history, as well as a cancer-focused family tree going back generations. Based on this information, the counselor will discuss how your family’s cancer history may be hereditary and what that means for you.
Genetic testing discussion
Genetic tests use a patient’s blood sample to look for genetic mutations that may lead to an increased risk for some cancers. After the medical and family history review, the counselor will discuss whether genetic testing is right for you. You will also cover the ethical and legal issues of genetic testing. If the counselor recommends genetic testing, you will be given information about the appropriate test or tests.
Cancer screening and prevention recommendations
Based on your family history and/or genetic test results, you will discuss ways to reduce your cancer risk. This discussion may cover cancer screening strategies, chemoprevention or even preventative surgery. You also may be referred to a high-risk screening clinic for further discussion and long-term cancer screening and monitoring.
